If it is so cold that water is freezing instantly, they should be getting frost bite on all their exposed skin and the air would freeze their lungs. They should be wearing face masks to prevent this.
This is a mistake that occurs in almost every movie involving wintertime. There is no water vapour cloud coming out of the characters mouths, which normally would occur when the person's breath is warmer than the air temperature.
Walter tells Cabe that boiling water freezes faster than cold, claims it's the "Mpemba Effect". It was named after a schoolboy that felt that warm milk made ice cream faster than cool milk. However, this has been proven false by scientists, including those at MIT.
Geosynchronous satellites cannot be placed above the poles, these satellites must orbit above the equator.
The helicopter pilot tells the team that the snowstorm has lowered visibility and they could lose sight of each other from 2 feet away, so Cabe leaves 15 feet of line between them to keep them together and none of the geniuses even questioned the choice.