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- Music Department
- Composer
- Writer
Rimsky-Korsakov was a navy officer but soon discovered his love for music. Since 1861 he belonged to the group of Balakirew but later he returned to the traditional way of composing. He combined uniquely the Russian folk songs with the music of the Orthodox Church. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the first Russian symphony and Igor Strawinsky was one of his students.- Founder and first president of Academia Brasileira de Letras. At 16 he published his first poem, "Ela", in "Marmota Fluminense" magazine. In 1858, he started to write for newspapers.
His novels can be divided in Romantic and Realistic periods.
In the Romantic period, he wrote: "Ressurreição" (1872), "A Mão e a Luva" (1874), "Helena" (1876) and "Iaiá Garcia" (1878).
The following are the works from the Realistic and considered his best period: "Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas" (1881), "Quincas Borba" (1892), "Dom Casmurro" (1900) and "Memorial de Aires" (1908).
Among his other works are poems, short stories, plays and theater and literature essays. - Born Robert Leroy Parker in Beaver, Utah, in 1866, the outlaw later to become famous as Butch Cassidy (he took the name Butch because he was once a butcher and the name Cassidy in honor of a local rancher who had befriended him as a youth) started his criminal career at an early age, stealing livestock when he was just a teenager. He soon left the Beaver area and hooked up with other rustlers and thieves, eventually forming a gang known as The Wild Bunch, which included such well known desperadoes as The Sundance Kid and Harvey Logan. The gang began robbing banks, payrolls and trains all over Colorado and Utah, and became so proficient at it that the Pinkerton Detective Agency was hired to run them down, and in addition a $4000 bounty (a huge sum at the time) was placed on their heads. The gang soon broke up and Cassidy and his partner The Sundance Kid headed to Mexico. Even that wasn't far enough, however, as both the Pinkerton detectives and professional bounty hunters were soon in Mexico looking for them, so they fled to Argentina, where they set up shop--under assumed names--as cattle ranchers. The ruse worked for a while until one night The Sundance Kid, under the influence of too much alcohol, began to brag about the many robberies they had gotten away with. A few days later a bank in a nearby town was robbed by two English-speaking bandits, and suspicion immediately fell upon the two, who were forced to pull up stakes and flee again. They wound up in Chile, and though they made several attempts to settle down and give up their lives of crime, circumstances dictated otherwise. They eventually crossed into Bolivia with plans to rob a bank in the small town of San Vicente. A hotel worker, having heard that the police were on the lookout for two English-speaking bank robbers, became suspicious of the pair and informed the local police chief. The chief and two of his men approached them in a restaurant, whereupon the Sundance Kid opened fire, killing one of the officers. The two gunmen fled and the police requested help from an army cavalry regiment that happened to be in town, and the soldiers and police soon trapped Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in a small house, where, after an all-night siege and gun battle, the two were found dead the next morning of gunshot wounds. Although rumors have surfaced over the years claiming that the pair actually escaped the battle and returned to the US, so far no real evidence has surfaced to conclusively prove that story.
- Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He won the popular vote for three presidential elections-in 1884, 1888, and 1892-and was one of two Democrats (followed by Woodrow Wilson in 1912) to be elected president during the era of Republican presidential domination dating from 1861 to 1933.
- Edmondo De Amicis was born on 21 October 1846 in Oneglia, Kingdom of Sardinia [now Imperia, Liguria, Italy]. He was a writer, known for The Young Lady and the Hooligan (1918), Times Gone By (1952) and Dulce madre mía (1943). He died on 12 March 1908 in Bordighera, Liguria, Italy.
- Joel Chandler Harris was born on 9 December 1848 in Eatonton, Georgia, USA. Joel Chandler was a writer, known for Song of the South (1946), Splash Mountain (1989) and Brer Rabbit and the Wonderful Tar Baby (1991). Joel Chandler was married to Esther LaRose. Joel Chandler died on 3 July 1908 in West End, Georgia, USA.
- Pat Garrett was born on 5 June 1850 in Cusseta, Alabama, USA. He died on 29 February 1908 in Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA.
- Simo Matavulj was born on 14 September 1852 in Sibenik, Austrian Empire [now Croatia]. He was a writer, known for Bakonja fra Brne (1951), Smesne i druge price (2004) and Posljednji vitezovi (1963). He was married to Ljubica Dimovic and Milica Stepanovic. He died on 20 February 1908 in Belgrade, Serbia.
- Famous Serbian satirist Radoje Domanovic was born in the village of Ovsiste on 16 February 1873. He attended a gymnasium in Kragujevac and Grande École (university) in Belgrade, where he studied history and philology. He started his writing career with realist prose, which idealised the Serbian countryside. In 1895, he got his first tenure as teacher in a gymnasium in Pirot. This period coincided with the decline of the Obrenovic dynasty, and the bourgeois tyranny of bureaucracy and police. At this time, Domanovic, himself a supporter and member of an opposition party, started writing satirical stories, critical of the current state of the society. Some of his most famous works were created during this period of struggle: "Stradija", "Leader", "Branding iron", "Reasoning of an ordinary Serbian ox" etc. After the coup d'état in 1903, Domanovic was greatly disappointed with the fact that nothing has actually changed in the society, and he became more and more disillusioned and isolated, and his creativity also waned. He died of tuberculosis, aged 35 in Belgrade, on 17 August 1908.
During the second half of the XX century, some of his works have been adapted to movies or TV shows. - Wilhelm Busch was a German painter, poet and satirist, best known for his drawings that were accompanied by wise, satiric, doggerel verse. His Bilderbogen (pictorial broadsheets) are considered to be precursors of the comic strip.
In 1859, after study at academies in Duesseldorf, Antwerp, and Munich, Busch began to contribute comic sketches series to Fliegende Blätter and Münchener Bilderbogen, published in Munich. These were followed by his continuous pictorial narratives (bilderposse) short verse-texts. These included his most famous work Max und Moritz and Der heilige Antonius von Padua, Die fromme Helene, Hans Huckebein, Dideldum!, and Herr und Frau Knopp.
By 1910 over half a million copies of Max und Moritz and his works had been translated into over 200 languages.
In Germany, Busch's work continues in popularity and his writings are widely quoted in German-speaking countries. His style has been copied by innumerable artists. - Soundtrack
Lewis H. Redner was born on 15 December 1831 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Lewis H. died on 29 August 1908 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA.- Writer
- Soundtrack
Abraham Goldfaden was born on 24 July 1840 in Starokonstantinov, Volhynian Governorate, Russian Empire [now Starokostiantyniv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine]. He was a writer, known for Di farshtoysene tokhter (1915), Two Kuni Lemel (1966) and Shulamith (1931). He died on 9 January 1908 in New York City, New York, USA.- Victorien Sardou was born on 5 September 1831 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Tosca (1956), Cleopatra (1912) and Princess Romanoff (1915). He was married to Marie Anne Corneille Soulié and Laurentine Éléonore Désirée de Moisson de Brécourt. He died on 8 November 1908 in Paris, France.
- Writer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Ludovic Halévy was born on 1 January 1834 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Bohemian Rhapsody (2018), Carmen (1943) and So This Is Paris (1926). He was married to Louise Breguet. He died on 7 May 1908 in Paris, France.- Harry Longabaugh was born in 1867 in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, USA. He died on 6 November 1908 in San Vicente, Bolivia.
- George Siler was born on 23 September 1846 in New York City, New York, USA. He died on 13 June 1908 in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Pablo de Sarasate was born on 10 March 1844 in Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. He is known for The Wind Rises (2013), Rhapsody (1954) and Ladies in Lavender (2004). He died on 20 September 1908 in Biarritz, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France.- Bronson Howard was born on 7 October 1842 in Detroit, Michigan, USA. He was a writer, known for The Saphead (1920), Aristocracy (1914) and One of Our Girls (1914). He was married to Alice Culverwell. He died on 4 August 1908 in Avon-by-the-Sea, New Jersey, USA.
- Svatopluk Cech was born on 21 February 1846 in Ostredek, Bohemia, Austria [now Czech Republic]. He was a writer, known for Lesetínský kovár (1925), Jestrab kontra Hrdlicka (1953) and Jestráb kontra Hrdlicka (1952). He died on 23 February 1908 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic].
- Frank Melville was born on 16 September 1854 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He was married to Rose Melville. He died on 23 November 1908 in New York, New York, USA.
- Charles B. Jefferson was born on 20 March 1851 in Macon, Georgia, USA. He was an actor, known for The Biggest Fish He Ever Caught (1897). He was married to Lauretta Vultee and Edna Carey (1859-1933). He died on 23 June 1908 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Born in New York City in 1861, pianist/composer Edward MacDowell formally studied music at an early age. He went to Paris, France, at age 15 and attended the world-famous Conservatoire. Two years later he left France and traveled to Germany, where he studied at the Frankfurt Conservatory. He found his niche there, and three years later he was appointed head piano instructor at the Darmstadt Conservatory, where he began his composing career. He worked with famed composer Franz Liszt, who was impressed with his work and encouraged him to continue composing. His compositions met with success in Europe, and he returned to the US in 1884, where he married Harriet Nevins, who had been one of his pupils in Germany. They returned to Germany shortly thereafter, living in Wiesbaden until 1888, when they went back to the US and settled in Boston, Massachusetts. He began to teach music privately, and performed works of his own and other musicians' all over the city.
In 1896 he was offered the job of head of the new Music Department at Columbia University in New York, and he accepted. There he began an orchestra and a chorus, but when he attempted to make the musical arts part of the academic curriculum, he ran into strong opposition from the more conservative academics, who argued that serious music students did not study at American universities but traveled to Europe for study, as he did. He was not able to overcome those faculty objections, and, exasperated, he resigned from his position and took to his farm in Peterborough, New Hampshire. Although he continued to compose music, he rarely made public appearances after that incident. He died in New York City on January 23, 1908.- Laura Fitinghoff was born on 14 March 1848 in Sollefteå, Västernorrlands län, Sweden. She was a writer, known for Barnen från Frostmofjället (1945). She died on 17 August 1908 in Stocksund, Stockholms län, Sweden.
- Additional Crew
Géza Lányi was born in 1849 in Debrecen, Hungary. Géza is known for A táncz (1901). Géza died on 15 December 1908 in Ungvár, Austria-Hungary.- Ouida was born on 1 January 1839 in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England, UK. She was a writer, known for Under Two Flags (1936), Two Little Wooden Shoes (1920) and Under Two Flags (1916). She died on 25 January 1908 in Viareggio, Italy.